Published
1/5/2021
|
Ultrasound Markers for Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common chromosomal disorder in live born infants. About 6,000 babies are born with Down Syndrome each year in the United States, or about...
Published: |
1/5/2021 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meaghan Shanahan, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Meaghan Shanahan, MD |
Published
1/5/2021
|
Transgender Care
The terms transgender male or transgender man describe individuals who were sex-assigned female at birth who identify on the more masculine spectrum of gender identity. The transgender and gender-diverse experience...
Published: |
1/5/2021 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Meredith Gray, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Meredith Gray, MD |
Published
1/5/2021
|
Stillbirth Evaluation
Stillbirth affects nearly 1 in 160 pregnancies in the United States and is defined as fetal death at 20 or more weeks of gestation. In developed countries, risk factors include...
Published: |
1/5/2021 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Rachel Maassen, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Rachel Maassen, MD |
Published
11/3/2020
|
Urodynamics: Indications for the Procedure and Systematic Interpretation
Urinary incontinence is a common concern for women. Initial evaluation should include a detailed history, physical examination, demonstration of stress incontinence, assessment of urethral mobility, determination of symptom severity, and...
Published: |
11/3/2020 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jaclyn Nunziato, MS, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jaclyn Nunziato, MS, MD |
Published
11/3/2020
|
Medical Management of Menopausal Symptoms
Menopausal symptoms vary for each woman. Symptoms can arise in the perimenopausal period and last throughout the rest of a woman’s lifetime. Vasomotor symptoms occur in 75% of women...
Published: |
11/3/2020 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Kathryn I. Marko, MD, NCMP, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Kathryn I. Marko, MD, NCMP, FACOG |
Published
11/1/2019
|
Interpretation of benign endometrial biopsy report when evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding
The primary role of endometrial sampling is to ascertain existence of premalignant or malignant intrauterine pathology; however, further information can be gained from reviewing pathology results in the clinical setting...
Published: |
11/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Kimberly A. Pilkinton, MD |
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Gynecology |
Kimberly A. Pilkinton, MD |
Published
10/1/2019
|
Evaluation and Management of Urinary Retention Caused by Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynecologic condition causing symptoms in 4-8% of women. Women with prolapse beyond the hymen are more likely to present with obstructive voiding symptoms...
Published: |
10/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Amanda Owens, DO, FACOG |
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Gynecology |
Amanda Owens, DO, FACOG |
Published
9/1/2019
|
Severe Postpartum Endometritis
Patients with postpartum endometritis who have failed initial broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (including persistent temperatures over 38° Celsius after 48 hours) or who are critically ill, have severe postpartum endometritis. ...
Published: |
9/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Taimur Chaudhry, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Taimur Chaudhry, MD |
Published
8/1/2019
|
Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy
With hysterectomy representing a common opportunity for removal of the ovaries, a general approach to conservation or removal should focus on risk stratification. Placing aside known pathology of the ovary...
Published: |
8/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
James Casey, MD |
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Gynecology |
James Casey, MD |
Published
7/1/2019
|
Management of Active Phase Arrest
In order to manage active phase arrest, the active phase must be correctly defined, and arrest properly diagnosed. The active phase begins when there is an acceleration in the rate...
Published: |
7/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Alice Sutton, M.D. |
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|
Obstetrics |
Alice Sutton, M.D. |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
6/1/2019
|
Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction
Female sexual dysfunction is defined as any sexual complaint or problem that results from disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. ...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
6/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Amy Markese. MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Amy Markese. MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
6/1/2019
|
Migraine, Cluster, and Tension Headaches
Headache may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary headaches have no associated underlying pathologic abnormalities. The principal primary headaches include cluster, migraine, and tension-type headaches. These syndromes...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
6/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frederick Eruo, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Frederick Eruo, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
5/1/2019
|
Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) associated with marked behavioral and emotional symptoms, in addition to physical symptoms. According to the American Psychiatric Association...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
5/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Vicky Mendiratta, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Vicky Mendiratta, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
3/1/2019
|
Endometrial Ablation
Endometrial ablation can be performed by several different minimally invasive procedures which cause surgical destruction of the endometrium to treat abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The techniques for endometrial...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
3/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sara Whetstone, MD, MHS |
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|
Gynecology |
Sara Whetstone, MD, MHS |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
1/1/2019
|
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-specific liver disease. The incidence is between 0.2%-2% and is higher in South American and Northern European...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Shelby Dickison, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Shelby Dickison, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
1/1/2019
|
Management of Prolonged Latent Phase
Labor is divided into three stages. The first stage of labor is divided into two phases – the latent phase and the active phase. In the latent phase,...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Callie Bauer, DO, FACOG |
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|
Obstetrics |
Callie Bauer, DO, FACOG |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
12/1/2018
|
Laparoscopic Sterilization
Author: Tera Howard, MD, MPH Mentor: Todd Jenkins, MD Editor: Abimbola Famuyide, MBBS Female permanent sterilization is the most common form of contraception in...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Tera Howard, MD |
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Gynecology |
Tera Howard, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
12/1/2018
|
Management of Late Term Pregnancy
Late term pregnancy refers to pregnancies from 41 0/7 through 41 6/7 weeks gestation. Compared to full term pregnancy (39 0/7 - 40 6/7 weeks), late term and post-term...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Jennifer Salcedo, MD, MPH, MPP |
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|
Obstetrics |
Jennifer Salcedo, MD, MPH, MPP |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
11/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of Bleeding in Perimenopausal Women
The perimenopause is defined as the onset of intermenstrual cycle variability (±7 days) through two years after the final menstrual period. Menopause is achieved after 12 completed months of amenorrhea....
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
11/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Corrine Bazella, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Corrine Bazella, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
11/1/2018
|
Laparoscopic Port Site Hernias
Trocar site hernias occur in approximately 1% of laparoscopies. While rare, trocar site hernias are preventable. Risk factors for trocar site hernia include increasing age and BMI. ...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
11/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Nicole Scott, MD, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Nicole Scott, MD, FACOG |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
10/1/2018
|
Management of pelvic pain after negative diagnostic laparoscopy
Although considered gold standard in investigating acute or chronic pelvic pain, diagnostic laparoscopy may not demonstrate any causative factors in 30-50% of patients, leading to considerable disappointment. When endometriosis...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
10/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Michael Breen, MD, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Michael Breen, MD, FACOG |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
10/1/2018
|
Fluid Management at Hysteroscopy
During hysteroscopy, systemic absorption of uterine distension fluid occurs largely through disrupted endometrial and myometrial venous sinuses as a result of the pressure gradient between the uterine cavity and open...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
10/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Michelle Meglin, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Michelle Meglin, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
9/1/2018
|
Management of Preeclampsia at Term
Management of preeclampsia at term (≥ 37 0/7 weeks) involves assessing the maternal-fetal status, preparing for delivery, and monitoring for disease severity and progression. Delivery is indicated when...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
9/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Maria Shaker, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Maria Shaker, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
9/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of an Ovarian Mass in a Patient with a Family History of Ovarian Cancer
Increasing age is the most important risk factor for ovarian cancer in the general population, but a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer is the most important personal...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
9/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Christina Wallace Huff, M.D. |
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|
Gynecology |
Christina Wallace Huff, M.D. |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
8/1/2018
|
Management of Brow, Face, and Compound Malpresentations
Five percent of fetuses present in brow, face, or compound presentations, many of which result in vaginal delivery. Patients should be counseled about increased risk for cesarean delivery due to...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
8/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meera Kesavan, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Meera Kesavan, MD |
Updated
11/16/2019
Published
8/1/2018
|
Vaginal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) affects 0.2 per 100,000 women in the United States. VaIN, like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), is caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). High-risk HPV...
Updated: |
11/16/2019 |
Published: |
8/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Christine Conageski, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Christine Conageski, MD |
Updated
1/1/2019
Published
7/1/2018
|
Management of Hirsutism in a PCOS Patient
Hirsutism is often a primary complaint in women with PCOS. The most effective treatment includes a long-term approach that reduces androgen receptor activity, thus decreasing new terminal hair development, and...
Updated: |
1/1/2019 |
Published: |
7/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Camille A. Clare, MD, MPH |
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|
Office Practice |
Camille A. Clare, MD, MPH |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
6/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of Ruptured Membranes with Amnionitis at Term
Intraamniotic infection (IAI), or amnionitis, is an inflammatory or infectious disorder involving any combination of amniotic fluid, placenta, fetus, fetal membranes, or decidua. IAI Complicates approximately 2-5% of...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
6/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Katie Shvartsman, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Katie Shvartsman, MD |
Updated
7/1/2019
Published
4/1/2018
|
Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery
Patients with diabetes undergoing surgery are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from their hypermetabolic stress response, preoperative catabolic state, altered nutritional status, changes in circulation, immobility, and glucose...
Updated: |
7/1/2019 |
Published: |
4/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Joseph Peterson, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Joseph Peterson, MD |
Updated
7/1/2019
Published
4/1/2018
|
Prevention of Complications in Women with Diabetes Undergoing Surgery
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and increasingly prevalent chronic medical condition with an incidence of one in 11 persons worldwide. Approximately half of these cases are undiagnosed. ...
Updated: |
7/1/2019 |
Published: |
4/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Tara E. Kelly, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Tara E. Kelly, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
3/1/2018
|
Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients
Preoperative preparation for obese patients requires attention to health conditions more common with obesity, including coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Anesthesia consultation is...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
3/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Bani M. Ratan, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Bani M. Ratan, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
3/1/2018
|
Hysteroscopic Bowel Injury
Although hysteroscopic complications are rare, uterine perforation can cause serious injury to adjacent structures. Compared to diagnostic procedures, operative hysteroscopy elevates the risk of uterine corpus perforation 16-fold, and increases...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
3/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Makeba Williams, MD, FACOG. NCMP |
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|
Gynecology |
Makeba Williams, MD, FACOG. NCMP |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
2/1/2018
|
Evaluation of Preeclampsia at Term
Gravidas at term (≥37 weeks) with new-onset hypertension or symptoms suggesting potential end organ effects such as headache, visual changes, or right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, should be evaluated...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
2/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Cynthie K. Anderson, MD, MPH |
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|
Obstetrics |
Cynthie K. Anderson, MD, MPH |
Updated
5/1/2019
Published
1/1/2018
|
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents is defined as excessive bleeding occurring between menarche and 19 years of age. During the first 12–18 months after the onset of menstruation, immaturity...
Updated: |
5/1/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Nyima Ali, M.D. |
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|
Office Practice |
Nyima Ali, M.D. |
Updated
7/1/2019
Published
1/1/2018
|
Complications of Pessary Use
Pessary devices have been used for centuries for a number of indications including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and cervical insufficiency. They are considered a safe and reasonable long-term option...
Updated: |
7/1/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
William Po, M.D., FACOG |
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|
Office Practice |
William Po, M.D., FACOG |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
12/1/2017
|
Pertussis in Pregnancy
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Infection causes paroxysms of coughing which can lead to dyspnea, hypoxia,...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
12/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
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|
Obstetrics |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
11/1/2017
|
The Management of Borderline Ovarian Tumors in Young Nulliparous Women
Borderline ovarian tumors, previously known as low-malignant potential (LMP) tumors, make up nearly 20% of ovarian epithelial cancers and have an excellent prognosis regardless of stage at diagnosis. Borderline ovarian...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
11/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Erica L. Berry D.O., FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Erica L. Berry D.O., FACOG |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
10/1/2017
|
Perioperative Management of Women with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease and Asthma
The overall incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications is 5-10%, but patients with poorly controlled chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) and asthma are at increased risk with up to 40% risk...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Roopina Sangha, M.D., MPH |
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|
Gynecology |
Roopina Sangha, M.D., MPH |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
9/1/2017
|
Management of Placenta Accreta at Delivery
Mentor: Nancy Gaba, MD Editor: Christine Isaacs, MD and Tiffany Moore-Simas, MD Placenta accreta occurs when all or part of the placenta invades and is...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
9/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Anjali Martinez, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Anjali Martinez, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
8/1/2017
|
Infertility in patients with PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility in reproductive age women. Anovulation is generally assumed to be the cause after other anatomic, hormonal, and male factor causes...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
8/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Loriana Soma, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Loriana Soma, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
7/1/2017
|
Lynch Syndrome
Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome which commonly presents with colon cancer, endometrial cancer, or ovarian cancer. It is also associated with cancers of the stomach,...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
7/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Janeen Arbuckle M.D., PhD |
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|
Office Practice |
Janeen Arbuckle M.D., PhD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
6/1/2017
|
Postpartum Hemorrhage from Atony Unresponsive to First Line Uterotonics
Primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity in the US, is defined as cumulative blood loss of ≥1000 ml and signs of hypovolemia during the 24...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
6/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Efua Leke, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Efua Leke, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
5/1/2017
|
Contraception for Women with Diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, including among women of childbearing age, with an additional 150 million adult cases projected by 2030. Diabetes poses significant...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
5/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
4/1/2017
|
Trial of Labor after Cesarean (TOLAC)
Options following a cesarean delivery include elective repeat cesarean delivery and trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). Successful TOLAC results in vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). No large...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
4/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
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|
Obstetrics |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
3/1/2017
|
Contraception for Women with Migraines
Migraine headache is a common condition that affects approximately 12% of the population, and is more common in women than men. It affects 17.3-24.4% of women 18-39 years old. ...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
3/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Abbey Hardy-Fairbanks, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Abbey Hardy-Fairbanks, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
2/1/2017
|
Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined as “urinary urgency, typically accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with and without urge urinary incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other obvious...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
2/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Julie DeCesare, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Julie DeCesare, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
1/18/2017
|
Contraception in Women with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Cardiovascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and increasing age, and may limit options for contraception, particularly hormonal methods. Hypertension: Implants, intrauterine systems, and progestin-only pills do not...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Margaret M. Boozer, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Margaret M. Boozer, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
1/18/2017
|
Contraception in Women with Lupus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a highly variable presentation that occurs more commonly in females than males (10:1 ratio) and is most common in women of...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jennifer M. Keller, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jennifer M. Keller, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
1/18/2017
|
Hormonal Contraception in Women Taking Medications with Potential Drug Interactions
Interactions between hormonal contraceptives and other medications can cause alteration of therapeutic medication level, increased toxicity, and decreased contraceptive efficacy. Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) include products with estrogen and progestin,...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
Updated
5/1/2018
Published
1/1/2017
|
Surgical Management of Women with Hypertension
Approximately one in three adults in the United States has a diagnosis of systemic hypertension and almost half of them have uncontrolled blood pressure. Hypertension is a risk factor for...
Updated: |
5/1/2018 |
Published: |
1/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Mostafa Borahay, MBBS |
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|
Gynecology |
Mostafa Borahay, MBBS |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
12/1/2016
|
Clostridioides difficile Colitis
Clostridioides difficile infection should be suspected as a cause of acute diarrhea, defined as 3 or more loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period, in patients who have had...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
10/1/2016
|
Management of Symptomatic Polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios (or hydramnios) is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid relative to gestational age. It is thought to result from either increased production or decreased clearance of...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
9/1/2016
|
Minor Red Cell Antigens and Fetal Hemolytic Anemia
There are more than 300 recognized blood-group antigens, of which the Rhesus (Rh) blood-group system is the most common cause of maternal alloimmunization. It is comprised of the c, C,...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
9/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Patricia A. Smith, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Patricia A. Smith, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
8/1/2016
|
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection, occurring in 0.2 – 2.2% of neonates. Up to 4% of women have a primary CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV may...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
8/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael Adler, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael Adler, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
7/1/2016
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Monochorionic Twins
In the United States, twin gestation is no longer a rare event due to the increase in maternal age at conception and the increase in use of assisted reproductive technology....
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
7/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sharon L. Seidel, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Sharon L. Seidel, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
6/1/2016
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Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
Thyroid diseases in pregnancy must be differentiated from normal physiologic gestational adaptations including increased thyroid volume (up to 30%) and a 40-100% increase in thyroid hormone production. Cross reactivity between...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
6/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Helen R. Dunnington, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Helen R. Dunnington, MD |
Published
5/4/2016
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Antepartum Management of Dichorionic/Diamniotic Twins
Chorionicity in twins is best determined by ultrasonography in the late first or early second trimester, with sensitivity of 90% or better. The twin peak sign (also called the...
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
5/4/2016
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Management of the Breech Presenting at the Introitus
Breech presentation occurs in 3-4 % of pregnancies at term. Frank breech accounts for over 50% of breech presentations. Factors predisposing to persistent breech presentation at term include anything that...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Joseph E. Peterson, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Joseph E. Peterson, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
5/4/2016
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Management of Twin Delivery
Important factors in determining the route of delivery for a twin gestation include: Chorionicity Fetal presentations Gestational age Estimated fetal weights and discordance ...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Holly-Marie Bolger, DO |
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Obstetrics |
Holly-Marie Bolger, DO |
Updated
1/16/2019
Published
4/1/2016
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Management of Vaginal Cysts
Vaginal cysts occur in 1% of all women. Most are benign, asymptomatic, discovered incidentally, and should be managed expectantly. Common benign causes of vaginal cysts include remnants of the embryonic...
Updated: |
1/16/2019 |
Published: |
4/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
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Office Practice |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
11/5/2019
Published
3/1/2016
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Management of Second Trimester Fetal Loss
Second trimester fetal loss occurs between 14 and 27 weeks’ gestation and may encompass spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and early preterm labor. It complicates 1% to 2% of pregnancies. Stillbirth has...
Updated: |
11/5/2019 |
Published: |
3/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Vanessa Torbenson, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Vanessa Torbenson, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
3/1/2016
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Management of Large Rectoceles in Geriatric Patients
Patients with rectoceles may be asymptomatic or have symptoms such as splinting, pelvic pressure, dyspareunia, constipation, fecal incontinence, and defecatory dysfunction. Rectocele extent does not necessarily correlate with the severity...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
3/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anne Garrison, MD |
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Gynecology |
Anne Garrison, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
2/1/2016
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Management of Fetal Demise caused by Abruption at Term
Placental abruption complicates 0.5 to 1% of pregnancies, but very rarely results in fetal demise. Fetuses that survive are at increased risk of significant morbidity. Management must address maternal...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
2/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Shari M. Lawson, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Shari M. Lawson, MD |
Updated
7/1/2020
Published
2/1/2016
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Post-pill Amenorrhea
Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC), including combined oral contraceptives (COC), inhibit ovulation through hypothalamic-pituitary inhibition of gonadotropin secretion. Historically, it was believed that this suppression could persist for months after discontinuation...
Updated: |
7/1/2020 |
Published: |
2/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Ahn T. Nguyen, MD |
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Office Practice |
Ahn T. Nguyen, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
1/1/2016
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Evaluation of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Mentor: Christopher M. Zahn, MD Editor: Peter F. Schnatz, DO There are several different types of urinary incontinence: stress, urge, chronic urinary retention (overflow), mixed,...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
William D. Po, MD |
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Office Practice |
William D. Po, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
1/1/2016
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Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as involuntary leakage of urine during coughing, laughing, sneezing, or physical activity, affecting greater than 16% of all women. Bothersome SUI can be managed...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley MD, MPH |
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Gynecology |
Anitra D. Beasley MD, MPH |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
1/1/2016
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Non-surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine with cough, sneeze, or other activities that increase intraabdominal pressure. This problem affects up to...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Natalie A. Bowersox, MD |
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Office Practice |
Natalie A. Bowersox, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
12/1/2015
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Management of Postoperative Ileus
Postoperative ileus is a absent or abnormal peristalsis after surgery causing a functional obstruction without mechanical blockage. A physiologic ileus can occur up to 72 hours after surgery. When...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sarah M. Appleton, MD |
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Gynecology |
Sarah M. Appleton, MD |
Updated
11/1/2018
Published
12/1/2015
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Perioperative Management of Anticoagulation in Gynecologic Patients
Editor: Eduardo Lara-Torre, MD For patients using chronic antithrombotic therapy undergoing gynecologic surgery, interruption of therapy to reduce bleeding risk must be balanced against risk of...
Updated: |
11/1/2018 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Christopher M. Zahn, MD |
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Gynecology |
Christopher M. Zahn, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
12/1/2015
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Postmenopausal Bleeding in a Woman with a Stenotic Cervix
Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), defined as any bleeding which occurs greater than 12 months after the final menstrual period, requires evaluation because of the 1-14% risk of endometrial cancer. More than...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Rebecca Jackson, MD |
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Gynecology |
Rebecca Jackson, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
12/1/2015
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a systemic, dysregulated, inflammatory response with an identified source of infection. Septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction are subtypes of severe sepsis and are associated with increased mortality. Many...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Anita P. Tamirisa, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Anita P. Tamirisa, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
11/1/2015
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Complications of TVT and TOT
Tension-free transvaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) are polypropylene mesh “slings” placed in a midurethral position to treat stress incontinence. TVT incorporates a retropubic approach with the tape exiting...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Aaron E. Goldberg, MD |
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Gynecology |
Aaron E. Goldberg, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
11/1/2015
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Trichomonas, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia in Pregnancy
Chlamydia trachomatis Most infections are asymptomatic, but may manifest with urethritis, Bartholin gland infection, or mucopurulent cervicitis. Upper tract infection is uncommon. All pregnant women < 25 years of...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meredith J. Alston, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Meredith J. Alston, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
11/1/2015
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Postpartum Eclampsia
Eclampsia is defined as preeclampsia related new onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures and can result in significant morbidity and death. Postpartum eclampsia accounts for 10 to 44% of all cases of...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Maryam Siddiqui, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Maryam Siddiqui, MD |
Updated
3/1/2018
Published
11/1/2015
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Management of Primary and Recurrent HSV 2 Vulvar Infections
Serologic surveys show 26% of women 12 years and older have antibodies to HSV-2. While the initial presentation is similar for HSV-1 and HSV-2, most recurrences are caused by HSV-2....
Updated: |
3/1/2018 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Rajiv B. Gala, MD |
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Office Practice |
Rajiv B. Gala, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
10/1/2015
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Contraception in Women with Thromboembolism and Thrombophilia
Estrogen administration increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women with a history of prior thromboembolism or known thrombogenic mutation by increasing hepatic production of coagulant factors. Additive risk...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frances Casey, MD |
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Office Practice |
Frances Casey, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
10/1/2015
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Metabolic Syndrome
The metabolic syndrome encompasses a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. Together these factors increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
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Office Practice |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
10/1/2015
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Fecal Incontinence
Fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of liquid or solid stool, whereas anal incontinence, commonly termed “accidental bowel leakage” (ABL), also includes the loss of flatus. The prevalence...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Catherine A. Matthews, MD |
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Office Practice |
Catherine A. Matthews, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
10/1/2015
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Evaluation of the Adnexal Mass in an Older Woman
The evaluation and management of an adnexal mass in an older woman is an important clinical challenge. Adnexal masses arise in gynecologic and non-gynecologic sites. Primary ovarian lesions include functional...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Todd R. Griffin, MD |
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Office Practice |
Todd R. Griffin, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
9/2/2015
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Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
The overall prevalence of adnexal pathology in pregnancy is 1-6%, depending on the gestational age at presentation. The most common pathologic diagnoses include mature cystic teratomas, paraovarian cysts and corpus...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
9/2/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Patricia S. Huguelet, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Patricia S. Huguelet, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
9/1/2015
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Management of Persistent and Recurrent Trichomonas
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a protozoan parasite. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, with an estimated 3.1% prevalence in the United States. Risks for infection...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
9/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Christine R. Isaacs, MD |
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Office Practice |
Christine R. Isaacs, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
9/1/2015
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Management of Women on Hormonal Therapy or Contraception in Women Undergoing Surgery
Hormone therapy and use of combination hormonal contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Menopausal women taking estrogen plus progesterone therapy are twice as likely to experience...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
9/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Amanda Murchison, MD |
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Office Practice |
Amanda Murchison, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
8/28/2015
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Postmenopausal Vulvar Disorders
The postmenopausal vulva is characterized by a decline in skin barrier function associated with aging and estrogen deficiency that contributes to increased susceptibility to a variety of conditions. The most...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
8/28/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Elizabeth A. Ferries-Rowe, MD |
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Office Practice |
Elizabeth A. Ferries-Rowe, MD |
Updated
7/1/2019
Published
8/1/2015
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Cystic Breast Masses in Young Women
The differential diagnosis of a cystic breast mass in a young woman includes benign cyst, fibrocystic changes, fibroadenoma, breast abscess, galactocele, fat necrosis, and malignancy. Evaluation should include history, exam,...
Updated: |
7/1/2019 |
Published: |
8/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Ashley Wright, MD |
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Office Practice |
Ashley Wright, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
7/1/2015
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Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy
Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of neurologic dysfunction noted in the first days of life of a neonate born at or beyond 35 weeks gestation. It is characterized by...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
7/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Moune Jabre, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Moune Jabre, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
1/1/2015
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Management of a Patient who has Suffered Intimate Partner Violence
Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence (IPV), is threatening or controlling behavior inflicted on a person by another person in the context of an intimate relationship. Intimate partner violence...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
1/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
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Office Practice |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
Updated
1/5/2021
Published
12/1/2014
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Evaluation and Management of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS)
All women having vaginal delivery should be closely examined for vaginal and perineal injuries and those with perineal laceration should have rectal examination to determine the extent of their injury...
Updated: |
1/5/2021 |
Published: |
12/1/2014 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
11/1/2014
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Evaluation of Dyspnea and Management of Pulmonary Embolism after Surgery
The differential diagnosis for dyspnea in a patient after gynecologic surgery or cesarean delivery should include atelectasis, pneumonia, and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Atelectasis is the most common cause, occurring...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
11/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sabrina N. Wyatt, MD |
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Gynecology |
Sabrina N. Wyatt, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
10/1/2014
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Management of Grade 1 Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for endometrial carcinoma except for select premenopausal patients desiring fertility, and patients with significant medical comorbidities. In patients with known grade 1 adenocarcinoma,...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
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Gynecology |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
8/1/2014
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Evaluation of Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding
Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as any staining, spotting, or bleeding that occurs more than 12 months after a woman’s last menstrual period. PMB most commonly results from vaginal or...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
8/1/2014 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
A. Savage, MD |
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Office Practice |
A. Savage, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
7/1/2014
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Management of Wound Complications of Cesarean Delivery
Preoperative measures that reduce wound infection include weight-based prophylactic antibiotics given within one hour before the incision, the addition of azithromycin when indicated, hair removal with clippers rather than shaving,...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
7/1/2014 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
William D. Po, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
William D. Po, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
5/1/2014
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Management of Dehiscence of the Vaginal Cuff
Vaginal cuff dehiscence, a rare complication of vaginal hysterectomy, is the full or partial separation of the edges of the vaginal cuff. Evisceration is dehiscence with prolapse of abdominal...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
5/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Aaron Goldberg, MD |
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Gynecology |
Aaron Goldberg, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
4/1/2014
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Management of Women with Multiple Fibroids who are Attempting Pregnancy
Although the presence of fibroids in most women will not impair their fertility or affect an ongoing pregnancy, some women with fibroids may face several pregnancy-related risks. Submucosal fibroids increase...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
4/1/2014 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Daniel Breitkopf, MD |
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Office Practice |
Daniel Breitkopf, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
3/1/2014
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Fetal Heart Rate Baseline Abnormalities: Bradycardia
Fetal bradycardia is defined as a baseline fetal heart rate less than 110 beats per minute for at least 10 minutes. Evaluation and management may differ for antenatal and intrapartum...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
3/1/2014 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Adam Sandlin, MD and Paul Wendel, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Adam Sandlin, MD and Paul Wendel, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
2/1/2014
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Perforation with Uterine Sound and Suction Cannula during a D&C
Uterine perforation is one of the more common complications of cervical dilation and uterine curettage. The incidence is increased for a pregnant or recently postpartum uterus (5%), and is less...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
2/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
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Gynecology |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
Updated
7/2/2019
Published
1/1/2014
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Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
Editor: Vanessa Gregg. MD Cervical ectopic pregnancy is the rare implantation of a pregnancy in the endocervical canal and accounts for less than 1% of...
Updated: |
7/2/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Paula Amato, MD |
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Gynecology |
Paula Amato, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
11/1/2013
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Proximal Tubal Occlusion
Proximal tubal occlusion is a common finding on hysterosalpingogram, occurring in up to 15% of studies. The occlusion is seen at the utero-tubal junction, where radiographic contrast fails to enter...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
11/1/2013 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Daniel R. Grow, MD |
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Office Practice |
Daniel R. Grow, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
7/1/2013
|
Evaluation of Anemia in Pregnancy
Anemia is common in pregnancy because blood volume expands by approximately 50% in a singleton gestation while total red blood cell mass only increases about 25%. All pregnant patients should...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
7/1/2013 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Julie L. Hansen, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Julie L. Hansen, MD |
Updated
7/7/2020
Published
6/1/2013
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Ongoing Care of a Woman with Breast Cancer on an Aromatase Inhibitor
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Seventy five percent of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) or...
Updated: |
7/7/2020 |
Published: |
6/1/2013 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Stephanie V. Blank, MD |
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Office Practice |
Stephanie V. Blank, MD |
Updated
11/1/2018
Published
5/1/2013
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Management of Broad Ligament Extension and Hematoma during a Cesarean Delivery
Editor: Regan Theiler, MD The broad ligaments consist of anterior and posterior leaflets of peritoneum which cover the lateral uterine corpus and upper cervix and...
Updated: |
11/1/2018 |
Published: |
5/1/2013 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Paul J. Wendel, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Paul J. Wendel, MD |
Updated
11/1/2018
Published
4/1/2013
|
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Editor: Elizabeth Ferris-Rowe, MD Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE) is an uncommon, catastrophic obstetric emergency. The frequency of AFE is 2-7 cases per 100,000 births. It is responsible for approximately...
Updated: |
11/1/2018 |
Published: |
4/1/2013 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Mari-Paule Thiet, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Mari-Paule Thiet, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
3/1/2013
|
Management of Bilateral Tubo-Ovarian Abscesses in Young Nulligravida
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) occurs in 15% of cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and in 33% of patients with PID requiring admission. PID and TOAs are polymicrobial infections of anaerobic...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
3/1/2013 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
May Blanchard, MD |
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Gynecology |
May Blanchard, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
2/1/2013
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Management of a Lost Pedicle At the Time of a Vaginal Hysterectomy
Clinically significant bleeding occurs in 1-2% of vaginal hysterectomies; subclinical hematomas, identified by sonography, may be seen in up to 15% of cases. Risk factors include an enlarged uterus, lack...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
2/1/2013 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
1/1/2013
|
Management of Atypical Glandular Cells
Atypical glandular cells (AGC) are uncommon, occurring in approximately 3 per 1000 specimens, but are a significant cervical cytology finding. Several retrospective studies have reported a 2-5% prevalence of invasive...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
1/1/2013 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Andrew W. Menzin, MD |
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Office Practice |
Andrew W. Menzin, MD |
Updated
9/1/2020
Published
12/1/2012
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Hematoma after Delivery
Puerperal hematomas occur commonly and may pose life-threatening morbidity. Risk factors include lacerations from operative vaginal delivery/episiotomy and injury to pelvic vasculature from a variety of mechanical events, including uterine...
Updated: |
9/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Theodore Barrett, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Theodore Barrett, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
10/1/2012
|
Management of Breakdown of Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Repairs
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) include 3rd and 4th degree lacerations. Risk factors include forceps or vacuum delivery, episiotomy, first vaginal delivery, higher infant birth weight (> 3500gms), vertex malpresentation...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
10/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Rebecca G. Rogers, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Rebecca G. Rogers, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
9/1/2012
|
Complications of Varicella Infection in the Third Trimester
Varicella, a herpes virus, is highly contagious and associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity during pregnancy. Clinical features of maternal infection include a prodrome of fever, headache, and malaise,...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
9/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Deborah A. Driscoll, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Deborah A. Driscoll, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
7/1/2012
|
Management of Lateral Uterine Perforation at the Time of Hysteroscopy
Lateral uterine perforation at the time hysteroscopy is a rare, but potentially dangerous complication. The overall rate of hysteroscopic complications is low and diagnostic procedures have a lower rate than...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
7/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Jeffrey M. Rothenberg, MD |
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Gynecology |
Jeffrey M. Rothenberg, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
6/1/2012
|
Management of Ureteral Injuries
Ureteral injuries are relatively uncommon, and may be more common with gynecologic than other types of abdominopelvic surgery. The incidence of ureteral injury ranges from < 0.1% to over 1%...
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
6/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
1/1/2020
Published
4/1/2012
|
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactin is mainly synthesized and secreted by the lactotroph cells in the pituitary gland. Elevations in serum prolactin usually result from conditions that cause hypersecretion of prolactin by the lactotrophs....
Updated: |
1/1/2020 |
Published: |
4/1/2012 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Paula J. Hillard, MD |
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Office Practice |
Paula J. Hillard, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
2/1/2012
|
Avoiding Trocar Injuries Associated with Laparoscopic Surgery
Up to half of major intraoperative complications associated with laparoscopy, including major vascular injury, occur at the time of surgical entry. Half of all bowel injuries occur during entry, with...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
2/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
David E. Soper, MD |
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Gynecology |
David E. Soper, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
1/1/2012
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Surgical Management of Endometriosis
Endometriosis may be strongly suspected based on clinical presentation, but laparoscopy remains the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis. In patients with pain that is not improved with medical management,...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
12/1/2011
|
Singleton Breech Presentation
Approximately 3-4% of pregnancies at term are breech presentations. Presentation should be assessed in all pregnancies 36 weeks and beyond and suspected breech presentation confirmed by ultrasound. Eighty-five percent of...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
12/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Amy Burkett, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Amy Burkett, MD |
Updated
11/12/2019
Published
10/1/2011
|
Antepartum Management of Vasa Previa
Vasa previa occurs when fetal blood vessels, that are unprotected by the umbilical cord or placenta, run through the amniotic membranes and traverse the cervix. Two types of vasa...
Updated: |
11/12/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
L. Chesney Thompson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
L. Chesney Thompson, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
9/1/2011
|
Management of Pregnancy with ABO Incompatibility
ABO incompatibility is the most common maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility and the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). ABO incompatibility is more often seen in newborns...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
9/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Published
8/1/2011
|
Desired Pregnancy after Essure Placement
While permanent methods of sterilization should be considered just that, permanent, patients and their partners can and do change their minds. Pregnancies after permanent sterilization procedures can occur spontaneously. In...
Published: |
8/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Roger Smith, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Roger Smith, MD |
Updated
11/18/2019
Published
7/1/2011
|
Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Diagnosed at 20 Weeks
The degree of invasion of the myometrium by the chorionic villi defines placenta accreta (adherent to the myometrium), increta (invading the myometrium) and percreta (perforating through the myometrium). A...
Updated: |
11/18/2019 |
Published: |
7/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Roger Smith, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Roger Smith, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
5/1/2011
|
Hypothyroidism
ETIOLOGY Hypothyroidism is much more common in women than men. It occurs in up to 5% of the population, with approximately 0.1-2% being overt and 4.3% subclinical. Hypothyroidism is...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
5/1/2011 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
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Office Practice |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
3/1/2011
|
Primary Amenorrhea in a Teenager
Primary amenorrhea (PA) has traditionally been defined as failure to menstruate by age 16. However, an evaluation should be initiated if a 15-year-old with normal secondary sexual characteristics or a...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
3/1/2011 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Priya B. Maseelall, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Priya B. Maseelall, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
2/1/2011
|
Management of Urethral Diverticula
Suburethral diverticula usually originate from the middle or distal portion of the posterior aspect of the urethra. The majority of urethral diverticula are thought to begin as an infection in...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
2/1/2011 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
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Gynecology |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
9/1/2010
|
Management of Adnexal Cysts
Adnexal cysts may be identified based on gynecologic symptoms or may be incidentally noted during pelvic exam or imaging for other reasons. Further actions depend on imaging characteristics and symptoms....
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
9/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Vivian E. von Gruenigen, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Vivian E. von Gruenigen, MD |
Updated
9/1/2019
Published
6/1/2010
|
Elevated Maternal Serum AFP (MSAFP) During the Second Trimester
Alpha-fetoprotein is produced by the fetal liver. Levels rise during the second trimester. Values are expressed as MoMs (multiples of the median) for each specific week of gestation, and values...
Updated: |
9/1/2019 |
Published: |
6/1/2010 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
5/1/2010
|
Management of Paget Disease of the Vulva
Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD) of the vulva is a rare intra-epithelial adenocarcinoma of the vulvar skin presenting most commonly with pruritus. Unfortunately, diagnosis is often delayed as both patients and...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
5/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
Updated
7/2/2019
Published
4/1/2010
|
Anemia in Pregnancy with Normal Iron Studies
Pregnancy results in a physiologic anemia due to expanded plasma volume. The red cell mass also expands, but to a lesser degree. Lack of iron supplementation results in a smaller...
Updated: |
7/2/2019 |
Published: |
4/1/2010 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
1/1/2010
|
Management of a Thyroid Nodule
The prevalence of thyroid nodules varies with the level of iodine sufficiency. Because iodine deficiency is relatively rare in the United States, only about 5% of US women will have...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Nanette F. Santoro, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Nanette F. Santoro, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
12/1/2009
|
Postoperative Urinary Fistulae
Although it has been estimated that the risk of injury to the urinary tract is 0.3% during pelvic surgery, particularly hysterectomy, many of these injuries are occult. When routine cystoscopy...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
12/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
11/3/2020
Published
10/1/2009
|
Postpartum Perineal Pain
The diagnosis and management of postpartum perineal pain depends on history and physical examination. Because pain is rarely an isolated symptom, additional symptoms by history may also include bleeding,...
Updated: |
11/3/2020 |
Published: |
10/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
Updated
5/1/2019
Published
9/1/2009
|
Complications of Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery
Complications of gynecologic laparoscopy occur in 3 to 6 per 1000 cases, proportional to the complexity of the case. Approximately one-third to one-half occurs during initial access. There...
Updated: |
5/1/2019 |
Published: |
9/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
5/1/2019
Published
5/1/2009
|
Adnexal Masses in Adolescents
The prevalence of adnexal masses in adolescents is unknown. While the diagnosis of a “ruptured ovarian cyst” is common for adolescents presenting with abdominal and pelvic pain, often this...
Updated: |
5/1/2019 |
Published: |
5/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
5/1/2019
Published
3/1/2009
|
Fetal Ventral Abdominal Wall Defects
Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common fetal ventral abdominal wall defects. Omphalocele is a midline ventral abdominal wall defect through which abdominal contents herniate. The defect generally...
Updated: |
5/1/2019 |
Published: |
3/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
Updated
7/5/2019
Published
1/1/2009
|
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Hydrops fetalis is the presence of excessive fluid in two or more fetal compartments including skin edema, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, and polyhydramnios. Fetal hydrops can be immune or...
Updated: |
7/5/2019 |
Published: |
1/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
Updated
7/2/2019
Published
10/1/2008
|
Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan which can lead to human infection through infected uncooked meat, exposure to contaminated soil or water, eating soil contaminated fruits or vegetables, or exposure to...
Updated: |
7/2/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2008 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
Updated
7/1/2019
Published
10/1/2008
|
Parvovirus in Pregnancy
Parvovirus B19 is a single stranded DNA virus which causes erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease. Clinical manifestations include flu-like signs and symptoms, low-grade fever, malaise, arthralgia, and a...
Updated: |
7/1/2019 |
Published: |
10/1/2008 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael L. Socol, MD |