Published
11/5/2024
|
Blood Transfusion in Obstetric Patients
Most blood transfusions in pregnancy and the postpartum period are performed to address acute blood loss. In the first and second trimesters, this mostly results from ruptured ectopic pregnancies or...
Published: |
11/5/2024 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Megan Lord, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Megan Lord, MD |
Published
9/29/2024
|
Medical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy complicates approximately 2% of recognized pregnancies and is the leading cause of pregnancy-associated death in the first trimester. Surgical intervention has been the criterion standard treatment. However, technological...
Published: |
9/29/2024 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Logan C. Peterson, MD, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Logan C. Peterson, MD, FACOG |
Published
3/10/2024
|
Management of Vulvar Dysplasia
Vulvar cancer is predominantly squamous in origin and may develop slowly from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Two forms of VIN exist including vulvar HSIL (VHSIL) and differentiated VIN (DVIN). Vulvar...
Published: |
3/10/2024 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Emily G. Blosser MD PhD |
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|
Gynecology |
Emily G. Blosser MD PhD |
Published
3/10/2024
|
Evaluation and Management of Listeria Monocytogenes Exposure and Diagnosis in Pregnancy
Listeriosis is primarily caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Most affected persons present with a self-limiting flulike illness or gastroenteritis. In the most severe cases, individuals...
Published: |
3/10/2024 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
B. Kate Neuhoff, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
B. Kate Neuhoff, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
1/5/2024
|
Care for Transmasculine Individuals
The terms transgender male or transgender man describe individuals who were sex-assigned female at birth who identify on the more masculine spectrum of gender identity. The transgender and gender-diverse experience...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
1/5/2024 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Meredith Gray, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Meredith Gray, MD |
Published
1/2/2024
|
Cesarean Delivery with Deeply Impacted Fetal Head
While various definitions have been proposed for impacted fetal head (IFH), all include the fetal head becoming deeply engaged within the maternal pelvis resulting in a difficult extraction. IFH complicates...
Published: |
1/2/2024 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Stephen Wagner, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Stephen Wagner, MD |
Published
12/15/2023
|
Vaccination During Pregnancy for Prevention of Severe RSV Disease in Newborns
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among U.S. infants; 2% to 3% of young infants will be hospitalized for RSV disease. RSV-associated hospitalization rates are highest...
Published: |
12/15/2023 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Romeo R. Galang, MD MPH FACOG |
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|
Obstetrics |
Romeo R. Galang, MD MPH FACOG |
Updated
1/4/2022
Published
11/8/2023
|
Ongoing Care of a Woman with Breast Cancer on an Aromatase Inhibitor
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Seventy five percent of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR)...
Updated: |
1/4/2022 |
Published: |
11/8/2023 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Stephanie V. Blank, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Stephanie V. Blank, MD |
Published
11/8/2023
|
Management of Depression in Pregnancy
Depression in pregnancy and the postpartum period is common and affects up to 1 in 7 women. The risk for a major depressive episode is about 12% during pregnancy and...
Published: |
11/8/2023 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sarah E. Smithson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Sarah E. Smithson, MD |
Published
11/7/2023
|
Trauma-Informed Care in Gynecology Clinics: Creating a Safe Environment to Improve Collaborative Care
There is no universal definition of trauma, yet it is a pervasive, harmful, and costly public health problem. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) states that,...
Published: |
11/7/2023 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Shawna Tonick, MD |
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|
Patient Safety |
Shawna Tonick, MD |
Published
11/5/2023
|
Diagnosis and Management of Molar Gestation
Molar gestation arises from villous trophoblasts in the setting of aberrant fertilization. Moles are at the benign end of the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which includes malignant tumors...
Published: |
11/5/2023 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Nicole Rubin, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Nicole Rubin, MD |
Published
8/13/2023
|
Medication Abortion
Editor’s Note: This article is accurate and current as of the publication and review date. Practitioners need to be aware of the laws concerning this subject, and the variability of...
Published: |
8/13/2023 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Nicki Nguyen, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Nicki Nguyen, MD |
Published
8/13/2023
|
Management of Malpositioned Intrauterine Devices
As the rate of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion increases, IUD malposition has become more common, with some studies citing an incidence as high as 10.4%. Most nonfundal IUDs are located...
Published: |
8/13/2023 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Amy Boone, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Amy Boone, MD |
Published
8/13/2023
|
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder and Female Orgasmic Disorder
Sexual function is a complex interaction among biological, medical, psychosocial, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors. Almost half of women (43%) experience sexual dysfunction and 12% of women report related personal distress...
Published: |
8/13/2023 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Emily Rosen, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Emily Rosen, MD |
Published
8/13/2023
|
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Pregnancy loss occurs in 15% to 25% of pregnancies, while recurrent pregnancy loss affects up to 2% of pregnancies. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined by the loss of 2 or...
Published: |
8/13/2023 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Allison Eubanks, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Allison Eubanks, MD |
Published
8/13/2023
|
Management of Lactational Mastitis
Mastitis spectrum conditions are common disorders of lactation that can contribute to early cessation of lactation. Prompt recognition and consistent treatment recommendations can prevent worsening complications and assist patients with...
Published: |
8/13/2023 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Katherine (Katie) Au, MD, IBCLC |
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|
Office Practice |
Katherine (Katie) Au, MD, IBCLC |
Published
5/29/2023
|
Essential Concepts in Perioperative Huddles and Time Outs
Patient safety in the surgical setting continues to be an area of focus because of the significant patient harm resulting from surgical errors. Many of these preventable errors result...
Published: |
5/29/2023 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Jane So, MD |
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|
Patient Safety |
Jane So, MD |
Published
5/29/2023
|
Just culture: Balanced Accountability for Systems and Individuals During Safety Event Reviews
In 1999, the Institute of Medicine (now known as the National Academy of Medicine) estimated that preventable medical errors caused 98,000 hospital deaths annually and called on health care organizations...
Published: |
5/29/2023 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Hemangi Shukla, DO |
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|
Patient Safety |
Hemangi Shukla, DO |
Published
5/29/2023
|
Evaluating Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Chronic Pelvic Pain or Dyspareunia
Pelvic floor dysfunction is a broad term used to describe the abnormal activity or function of the pelvic floor musculature. Pelvic floor relaxation can lead to pelvic organ prolapse or...
Published: |
5/29/2023 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jessica Sosa-Stanley, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jessica Sosa-Stanley, MD |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
9/11/2022
|
Addressing Microaggression in Women's Health Care Settings
Microaggressions are subtle, often recurrent, verbal and nonverbal interactions that are demeaning or engender hostility toward marginalized communities and nondominant groups. Microaggressions may be conscious or unconscious and include several...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
9/11/2022 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Yvonne S. Butler Tobah, MD, and Ijeoma Nnodim Opara, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Yvonne S. Butler Tobah, MD, and Ijeoma Nnodim Opara, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
8/13/2022
|
Acute Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality during pregnancy and the postpartum period, accounting for 35% of maternal deaths worldwide. Nearly 4% of pregnancies in the United States are...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
8/13/2022 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Lauren Coyne, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Lauren Coyne, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
6/24/2022
|
Physician Guide to Promoting Equitable and Socially Just Obstetric Care
Significant inequities in obstetric clinical outcomes persist despite advancements in technology and social protections such as higher education and income. The disproportionate burden of premature death and morbidity impacts historically...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
6/24/2022 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Zoë Julian, MD, MPH |
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|
Office Practice |
Zoë Julian, MD, MPH |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
4/1/2022
|
Intrauterine Device in Place During Pregnancy
The risk of becoming pregnant with an intrauterine device (IUD) in place is very low, similar to the risk of pregnancy occurring following tubal sterilization, about 2% over 10 years....
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
4/1/2022 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jody L. Stonehocker, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jody L. Stonehocker, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
3/20/2022
|
Management of Lost Subdermal Contraceptive Implant
When an etonogestrel contraceptive implant cannot be palpated, pregnancy must first be excluded, and the patient should use an alternative method of contraception until the presence of the implant can...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
3/20/2022 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Holly Bullock, MD, MPH |
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|
Office Practice |
Holly Bullock, MD, MPH |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
3/20/2022
|
Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the vaginal microbiota dominant species shifts from Lactobacillus to Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis affects 15% to 30% of individuals. Risk factors include cigarette...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
3/20/2022 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Laura Jacques, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Laura Jacques, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
2/6/2022
|
Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), also referred to as cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy, was first reported in 1978. CSP is rare, occurring in 1 in 1800 to 2656 pregnancies, and it...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
2/6/2022 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sara Whetstone, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Sara Whetstone, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
2/6/2022
|
Best Practices for Morbidity and Mortality Conferences for Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments
Morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences provide a unique opportunity to deconstruct patient care and gain insight into systems-based challenges contributing to adverse outcomes. Although nearly all institutions hold regular M&M...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
2/6/2022 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Mallory Kremer, MD, and Jaclyn Nunziato, MD |
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|
Patient Safety |
Mallory Kremer, MD, and Jaclyn Nunziato, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
1/16/2022
|
Best Practices for Simulation: Planning a Meaningful Simulation
Effective medical simulations are critical for optimal responses to emergencies. Simulations provide experiential learning while promoting team functioning. Meaningful simulations require planning before simulation day, including securing adequate institutional support,...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
1/16/2022 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Timothy E. Klatt, MD and William Leininger, MD |
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|
Patient Safety |
Timothy E. Klatt, MD and William Leininger, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
1/16/2022
|
Understanding the Peer-Review Process
The best peer-review processes facilitate continuous evaluation of a provider’s professional performance by other providers using the 6 core competencies endorsed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education: patient...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
1/16/2022 |
Category: |
Patient Safety |
Author: |
Juan Diaz Quinones, MD |
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|
Patient Safety |
Juan Diaz Quinones, MD |
Updated
7/31/2022
Published
1/5/2021
|
Ultrasound Markers for Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common chromosomal disorder in live born infants. About 6,000 babies are born with Down Syndrome each year in the United States, or about...
Updated: |
7/31/2022 |
Published: |
1/5/2021 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meaghan Shanahan, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Meaghan Shanahan, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
1/5/2021
|
Stillbirth Evaluation
Stillbirth is one of the more challenging physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual events a patient and their family may ever face. Stillbirth is one of the most adverse pregnancy outcomes...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
1/5/2021 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Rachel Maassen, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Rachel Maassen, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
11/3/2020
|
Urodynamics: Indications for the Procedure and Systematic Interpretation
Urinary incontinence evaluation includes a detailed history, physical examination, demonstration of stress incontinence, assessment of urethral mobility, determination of symptom severity, and identification of treatment goals. Patients who screen positive...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
11/3/2020 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jaclyn Nunziato, MS, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jaclyn Nunziato, MS, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
11/3/2020
|
Medical Management of Menopausal Symptoms
Menopausal symptoms vary for each woman. Symptoms can arise in the perimenopausal period and last throughout the rest of a woman’s lifetime. Vasomotor symptoms occur in 75 to 80%...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
11/3/2020 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Kathryn I. Marko, MD, NCMP, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Kathryn I. Marko, MD, NCMP, FACOG |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
11/1/2019
|
Interpretation of benign endometrial biopsy report when evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding
The primary role of endometrial sampling is to ascertain existence of premalignant or malignant intrauterine pathology; however, further information can be gained from reviewing pathology results in the clinical setting...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
11/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Kimberly A. Pilkinton, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Kimberly A. Pilkinton, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
10/1/2019
|
Evaluation and Management of Urinary Retention Caused by Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynecologic condition causing symptoms in 4-8% of women. Women with prolapse beyond the hymen are more likely to present with obstructive voiding symptoms...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Amanda Owens, DO, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Amanda Owens, DO, FACOG |
Updated
1/3/2023
Published
9/1/2019
|
Persistent Postpartum Endometritis
When patients with postpartum endometritis do not respond to initial broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and either demonstrate persistent temperatures over 38° Celsius after 48 hours or who are critically...
Updated: |
1/3/2023 |
Published: |
9/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Taimur Chaudhry, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Taimur Chaudhry, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
8/1/2019
|
Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy
With hysterectomy representing a common opportunity for removal of the ovaries, a general approach to conservation or removal should focus on risk stratification. Placing aside known pathology of the ovary...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
8/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
James Casey, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
James Casey, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
7/1/2019
|
Management of Active Phase Arrest
In order to manage active phase arrest, the active phase must be correctly defined, and arrest properly diagnosed. The active phase begins when there is an acceleration in the rate...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
7/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Alice Sutton, M.D. |
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|
Obstetrics |
Alice Sutton, M.D. |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
6/1/2019
|
Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction
Female sexual dysfunction is defined as any sexual complaint or problem that results from disorders of desire, arousal, orgasm, or sexual pain and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty lasting...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
6/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Amy Markese. MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Amy Markese. MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
6/1/2019
|
Migraine, Cluster, and Tension Headaches
Headaches may be classified as primary or secondary. Primary headaches have no associated underlying pathologic abnormalities. The principal primary headaches include cluster, migraine, and tension-type headaches. These syndromes...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
6/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frederick Eruo, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Frederick Eruo, MD |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
5/1/2019
|
Management of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) associated with marked behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms. According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual(Fifth...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2019 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Vicky Mendiratta, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Vicky Mendiratta, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
3/1/2019
|
Endometrial Ablation
Endometrial ablation can be performed by several different minimally invasive procedures which cause surgical destruction of the endometrium to treat abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). First generation technique involves...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2019 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sara Whetstone, MD, MHS |
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Gynecology |
Sara Whetstone, MD, MHS |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
1/1/2019
|
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-specific liver disease. While the incidence of ICP varies greatly among ethnic groups, in the United States incidence ranges from...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Shelby Dickison, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Shelby Dickison, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
1/1/2019
|
Management of Prolonged Latent Phase
Labor is divided into three stages. The first stage of labor is divided into two phases – the latent phase and the active phase. In the latent phase,...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2019 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Callie Bauer, DO, FACOG |
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Obstetrics |
Callie Bauer, DO, FACOG |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
12/1/2018
|
Laparoscopic Sterilization
Female permanent sterilization is the most common form of contraception in the United States and is used by nearly half of all married couples. Laparoscopic sterilization is performed under general...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
12/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Tera Howard, MD |
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Gynecology |
Tera Howard, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
12/1/2018
|
Management of Late Term Pregnancy
Late term pregnancy refers to pregnancies from 41 0/7 through 41 6/7 weeks gestation. Compared to full term pregnancy (39 0/7 - 40 6/7 weeks), late term and post-term...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
12/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Jennifer Salcedo, MD, MPH, MPP |
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Obstetrics |
Jennifer Salcedo, MD, MPH, MPP |
Updated
3/1/2022
Published
11/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of Bleeding in Perimenopausal Women
The perimenopause is defined as the onset of intermenstrual cycle variability (±7 days) and/or classic menopausal symptoms through two years after the final menstrual period. Menopause is achieved after 12...
Updated: |
3/1/2022 |
Published: |
11/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Corrine Bazella, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Corrine Bazella, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
11/1/2018
|
Laparoscopic Port Site Hernias
Trocar site hernias occur in approximately 1% of laparoscopies. While rare, trocar site hernias are preventable. Risk factors for trocar site hernia include increasing age, poor nutrition, infection,...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
11/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Nicole Scott, MD, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Nicole Scott, MD, FACOG |
Updated
9/7/2021
Published
10/1/2018
|
Diagnosis of non-endometriosis pelvic pain after negative diagnostic laparoscopy
Although considered the gold standard in investigating acute or chronic pelvic pain, diagnostic laparoscopy may be noncontributory in 30-50% of patients. While this can be quite a disappointment to the...
Updated: |
9/7/2021 |
Published: |
10/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Michael Breen, MD, FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Michael Breen, MD, FACOG |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
10/1/2018
|
Fluid Management at Hysteroscopy
During hysteroscopy, systemic absorption of uterine distension fluid occurs largely through disrupted endometrial and myometrial venous sinuses because of the pressure gradient between the uterine cavity and open sinuses or...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Michelle Meglin, MD |
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Gynecology |
Michelle Meglin, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
9/1/2018
|
Management of Preeclampsia at Term
Management of preeclampsia at term (≥ 37 0/7 weeks) involves assessing the maternal-fetal status, preparing for delivery, and monitoring for disease severity and progression. Delivery is indicated when...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
9/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Maria Shaker, MD |
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Obstetrics |
Maria Shaker, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
9/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of an Ovarian Mass in a Patient with a Family History of Ovarian Cancer
Increasing age is the most important risk factor for ovarian cancer in the general population. However, a family history of breast or ovarian cancer is the most important personal risk...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
9/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Christina Wallace Huff, M.D. |
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|
Gynecology |
Christina Wallace Huff, M.D. |
Updated
7/5/2023
Published
8/1/2018
|
Management of Brow, Face, and Compound Malpresentations
Fetal malpresentation, including brow, face, or compound presentations, complicates around 3-4% of all term births. Because these abnormal fetal presentations still are cephalic, many such cases result in vaginal deliveries,...
Updated: |
7/5/2023 |
Published: |
8/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meera Kesavan, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Meera Kesavan, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
8/1/2018
|
Vaginal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) affects 0.2 per 100,000 women in the United States. VaIN, like cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). High-risk HPV (hrHPV)...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
8/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Christine Conageski, MD |
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Office Practice |
Christine Conageski, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
7/1/2018
|
Management of Hirsutism in a PCOS Patient
Hirsutism is often a primary complaint in women with PCOS. The most effective treatment includes a long-term approach that reduces androgen receptor activity, thus decreasing new terminal hair development, and...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
7/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Camille A. Clare, MD, MPH |
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|
Office Practice |
Camille A. Clare, MD, MPH |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
6/1/2018
|
Evaluation and Management of Ruptured Membranes with Amnionitis at Term
Intraamniotic infection (IAI), or amnionitis, is an inflammatory or infectious disorder involving any combination of amniotic fluid, placenta, fetus, fetal membranes, or decidua. IAI complicates approximately 2-5% of...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
6/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Katie Shvartsman, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Katie Shvartsman, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
4/1/2018
|
Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery
Patients with diabetes undergoing surgery are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from their hypermetabolic stress response, preoperative catabolic state, altered nutritional status, changes in circulation, immobility, and glucose...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
4/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Joseph Peterson, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Joseph Peterson, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
3/1/2018
|
Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients
Surgical complications such as infection, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and wound complications are a major source of morbidity in obese women, but may be reduced with attention to preoperative, intraoperative and...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Bani M. Ratan, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Bani M. Ratan, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
3/1/2018
|
Hysteroscopic Bowel Injury
Although hysteroscopic complications are rare, uterine perforation can cause serious injury to adjacent structures. Compared to diagnostic procedures, operative hysteroscopy elevates the risk of uterine corpus perforation 16-fold, and increases...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Makeba Williams, MD, FACOG. NCMP |
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|
Gynecology |
Makeba Williams, MD, FACOG. NCMP |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
2/1/2018
|
Evaluation of Preeclampsia at Term
Gravidas at term (≥37 weeks) with new onset/worsening hypertension or symptoms suggesting end organ effects, such as persistent headache, visual changes, right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, should be evaluated...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
2/1/2018 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Cynthie K. Anderson, MD, MPH |
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|
Obstetrics |
Cynthie K. Anderson, MD, MPH |
Updated
1/3/2023
Published
1/2/2018
|
Prevention of Complications in Women with Diabetes Undergoing Surgery
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and increasingly prevalent chronic medical condition affecting one in 11 persons worldwide. Approximately half of these cases are undiagnosed. Routine screening for...
Updated: |
1/3/2023 |
Published: |
1/2/2018 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Tara E. Kelly, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Tara E. Kelly, MD |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
1/1/2018
|
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents is defined as excessive bleeding occurring between menarche and 19 years of age. During the first 12–18 months after the onset of menstruation, immaturity...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
1/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Nyima Ali, M.D. |
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|
Office Practice |
Nyima Ali, M.D. |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
1/1/2018
|
Complications of Pessary Use
Pessary devices have been used for several indications including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, prevention of preterm labor, and cervical insufficiency. They are considered a safe and reasonable long-term option...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
1/1/2018 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
William Po, M.D., FACOG |
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|
Office Practice |
William Po, M.D., FACOG |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
12/1/2017
|
Pertussis Prophylaxis in Pregnancy
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Infection causes paroxysms of coughing which can lead to dyspnea, hypoxia, and...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
12/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
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|
Obstetrics |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
11/1/2017
|
The Management of Borderline Ovarian Tumors
Borderline ovarian tumors, previously known as low-malignant potential (LMP) tumors, make up nearly 20% of ovarian epithelial cancers and have an excellent prognosis regardless of stage at diagnosis. Borderline ovarian...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
11/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Erica L. Berry D.O., FACOG |
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|
Gynecology |
Erica L. Berry D.O., FACOG |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
10/1/2017
|
Perioperative Management of Women with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease and Asthma
The overall incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications is 5-10%, but patients with poorly controlled chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) and asthma are at increased risk with up to 40% risk...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Roopina Sangha, M.D., MPH |
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|
Gynecology |
Roopina Sangha, M.D., MPH |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
9/1/2017
|
Management of Placenta Accreta at Delivery
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) describes the pathologic adherence of the placentaand includes placenta increta, percreta, and accreta. The PAS incidence has increased in parallel with increasing cesarean...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
9/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Anjali Martinez, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Anjali Martinez, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
8/1/2017
|
Infertility in patients with PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility in reproductive-age women. Anovulation is typically the cause of infertility in PCOS. However, evaluating anatomic reasons using an...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
8/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Loriana Soma, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Loriana Soma, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
7/1/2017
|
Lynch Syndrome
Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome which commonly presents with colon cancer, endometrial cancer, or ovarian cancer. It is also associated with cancers of the stomach,...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
7/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Janeen Arbuckle M.D., PhD |
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|
Office Practice |
Janeen Arbuckle M.D., PhD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
6/1/2017
|
Postpartum Hemorrhage from Atony Unresponsive to First Line Uterotonics
Primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity in the US, is defined as cumulative blood loss of ≥1000 ml and signs of hypovolemia during the 24...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
6/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Efua Leke, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Efua Leke, MD |
Updated
9/7/2021
Published
5/1/2017
|
Contraception for Women with Diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, including among women of childbearing age, with an additional 150 million adult cases projected by 2030. Diabetes poses significant...
Updated: |
9/7/2021 |
Published: |
5/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
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Listen
|
Office Practice |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
4/1/2017
|
Trial of Labor after Cesarean (TOLAC)
Options following a cesarean delivery include elective repeat cesarean delivery and trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). Successful TOLAC results in vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), and is estimated...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
4/1/2017 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Download
|
Obstetrics |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
3/1/2017
|
Contraception for Patients with Migraines
Migraine headache is a common condition that affects up to 24% of females aged 18-39. A migraine is a headache lasting 4 to 72 hours and must have nausea,...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
3/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Abbey Hardy-Fairbanks, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Abbey Hardy-Fairbanks, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
2/1/2017
|
Overactive Bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as “urinary urgency, typically accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with and without urge urinary incontinence, in the absence of...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
2/1/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Julie A. Zemaitis DeCesare, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Julie A. Zemaitis DeCesare, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
1/18/2017
|
Contraception in Women with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Cardiovascular risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and increasing age, and may limit options for contraception, particularly hormonal methods. Clinicians should use the USMEC to guide their counseling and...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Margaret M. Boozer, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Margaret M. Boozer, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
1/18/2017
|
Contraception in Patients with Lupus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a highly variable presentation that occurs more commonly in females than males (10:1 ratio) and is most common in women of...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Jennifer M. Keller, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Jennifer M. Keller, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
1/18/2017
|
Hormonal Contraception in Women Taking Medications with Potential Drug Interactions
Interactions between hormonal contraceptives and other medications can cause alteration of therapeutic medication level, increased toxicity, and decreased contraceptive efficacy. Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) include products with estrogen and progestin,...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
1/18/2017 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
1/1/2017
|
Surgical Management of Patients with Hypertension
Approximately one in three adults in the United States has a diagnosis of systemic hypertension and almost half of them have uncontrolled blood pressure. Hypertension is the most common cause...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2017 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Mostafa Borahay, MBBS |
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|
Gynecology |
Mostafa Borahay, MBBS |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
12/1/2016
|
Clostridioides Difficile Colitis
Clostridioides difficile infection should be suspected as a cause of acute diarrhea, defined as 3 or more loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period, in patients who have had...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
12/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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Listen
|
Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
10/1/2016
|
Management of Polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid relative to gestational age. It is thought to result from either increased production or decreased clearance of amniotic fluid and is often...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
Download
|
Obstetrics |
Jane S. Limmer, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
9/1/2016
|
Minor Red Cell Antigens and Fetal Hemolytic Anemia
There are more than 300 recognized blood-group antigens, of which the Rhesus (Rh) blood-group system is the most common cause of maternal alloimmunization. It is comprised of the c, C,...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
9/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Patricia A. Smith, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Patricia A. Smith, MD |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
8/1/2016
|
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection, occurring in 0.2 – 2.2% of neonates with up to 4% of pregnant patients having a primary CMV infection. CMV remains...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
8/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael Adler, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael Adler, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
7/1/2016
|
Monochorionic Twins
The risk for fetal and neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity in monochorionic twins is higher than dichorionic twins, with a 3- fold to 4-fold increase in intrauterine demise. Placental vascular...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
7/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Sharon L. Seidel, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Sharon L. Seidel, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
6/1/2016
|
Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
During pregnancy, physiological adaptations of the thyroid include increased thyroid volume (up to 30%) and a 40-100% increase in thyroid hormone production. Cross-reactivity between human chorionic gonadotropin and thyroid-stimulating...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
6/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Helen R. Dunnington, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Helen R. Dunnington, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
5/4/2016
|
Antepartum Management of Dichorionic/Diamniotic Twins
Chorionicity in twins is determined by ultrasonography in the late first or early second trimester, with sensitivity of 90% or better. The twin peak sign (lambda or delta sign)...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
5/4/2016
|
Management of the Breech Presenting at the Introitus
Breech presentation occurs in 2-3% of pregnancies at term. Frank breech accounts for over 50% of breech presentations. Risk factors vary by gestational age, with at term include advanced maternal...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Joseph E. Peterson, MD |
Download
|
Obstetrics |
Joseph E. Peterson, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
5/4/2016
|
Management of Twin Delivery
Factors that determine the route of delivery for a twin gestation can include chorionicity, fetal presentations, gestational age, and estimated fetal weights and discordance, as well as the availability of...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
5/4/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Holly-Marie Bolger, DO |
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|
Obstetrics |
Holly-Marie Bolger, DO |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
4/1/2016
|
Management of Vaginal Cysts
Vaginal cysts occur in 1% of all women. Most are benign, asymptomatic, discovered incidentally, and should be managed expectantly. Common benign causes of vaginal cysts include remnants of the embryonic...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
4/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Download
|
Office Practice |
Sarah Shaffer, DO |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
3/1/2016
|
Management of Second Trimester Fetal Loss
Second trimester fetal loss complicates 1% to 2% of pregnancies and occurs between 14 and 27 weeks gestation and may encompass spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and early preterm labor. Risk factors...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
3/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Vanessa Torbenson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Vanessa Torbenson, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
3/1/2016
|
Management of Large Rectoceles in Geriatric Patients
Patients with rectoceles may be asymptomatic or have symptoms such as splinting, pelvic pressure, dyspareunia, constipation, fecal incontinence, and defecatory dysfunction. Rectocele extent does not necessarily correlate with the severity...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anne Garrison, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Anne Garrison, MD |
Updated
3/1/2022
Published
2/1/2016
|
Management of Fetal Demise caused by Abruption at Term
Placental abruption complicates 0.5 to 1% of pregnancies, but very rarely results in fetal demise. Fetuses that survive are at increased risk of significant morbidity. Management must address maternal...
Updated: |
3/1/2022 |
Published: |
2/1/2016 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Shari M. Lawson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Shari M. Lawson, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
2/1/2016
|
Secondary Amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea is defined as no menses for 3 months in patients with previously regular menstrual cycles or 6 months in patients with irregular menstrual cycles. The differential diagnosis for...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
2/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Ahn T. Nguyen, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Ahn T. Nguyen, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
1/1/2016
|
Evaluation of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence is an involuntary urinary loss from physical exertion related to increased abdominal pressure, resulting in a reduced quality of life. Of the 16% of adult women...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
William D. Po, MD |
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Listen
|
Office Practice |
William D. Po, MD |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
1/1/2016
|
Surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as involuntary leakage of urine in cases of increased intraabdominal pressure such as during coughing, laughing, sneezing, etc. The prevalence increases with age, reaching a...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley MD, MPH |
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Listen
|
Gynecology |
Anitra D. Beasley MD, MPH |
Updated
11/8/2023
Published
1/1/2016
|
Non-surgical Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Treatments options for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) include conservative therapies (pelvic floor exercises, behavioral modifications, continence support devices, and urethral inserts) and surgical treatments options (retropubic urethropexies, autologous, fascial slings,...
Updated: |
11/8/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2016 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Natalie A. Bowersox, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Natalie A. Bowersox, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
12/1/2015
|
Management of Postoperative Ileus
Postoperative ileus is an absent or abnormal peristalsis after surgery causing a functional obstruction without mechanical blockage. A physiologic ileus can occur up to 72 hours after surgery. When...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sarah M. Appleton, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Sarah M. Appleton, MD |
Updated
7/1/2021
Published
12/1/2015
|
Perioperative Management of Anticoagulation in Gynecologic Patients
For patients using chronic antithrombotic therapy undergoing gynecologic surgery, interruption of therapy to reduce bleeding risk must be balanced against risk of thromboembolism. Patients may benefit from “bridging” therapy, in...
Updated: |
7/1/2021 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Christopher M. Zahn, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Christopher M. Zahn, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
12/1/2015
|
Evaluation and Management of Postmenopausal Bleeding in a Woman with a Stenotic Cervix
Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB), defined as any bleeding which occurs greater than 12 months after the final menstrual period, requires evaluation because of the 1-14% risk of endometrial cancer. More than...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Rebecca Jackson, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Rebecca Jackson, MD |
Updated
3/1/2020
Published
12/1/2015
|
Sepsis
Sepsis is a systemic, dysregulated, inflammatory response with an identified source of infection. Septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction are subtypes of severe sepsis and are associated with increased mortality. Many...
Updated: |
3/1/2020 |
Published: |
12/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Anita P. Tamirisa, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Anita P. Tamirisa, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
11/1/2015
|
Complications of TVT and TOT
Tension-free transvaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) are polypropylene mesh “slings” placed in a midurethral position to treat stress incontinence. TVT incorporates a retropubic approach with the tape exiting...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Aaron E. Goldberg, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Aaron E. Goldberg, MD |
Updated
5/5/2021
Published
11/1/2015
|
Trichomonas, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia in Pregnancy
Chlamydia trachomatis Most infections are asymptomatic, but may manifest with urethritis, Bartholin gland infection, or mucopurulent cervicitis. Upper tract infection is uncommon. All pregnant patients < 25 years of...
Updated: |
5/5/2021 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Meredith J. Alston, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Meredith J. Alston, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
11/1/2015
|
Postpartum Eclampsia
Eclampsia is defined as preeclampsia related new onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures and can result in significant morbidity and death. Postpartum eclampsia accounts for 10 to 44% of all cases of...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Maryam Siddiqui, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Maryam Siddiqui, MD |
Updated
11/1/2022
Published
11/1/2015
|
Management of Primary and Recurrent HSV 2 Vulvar Infections
Serologic surveys show 26% of women 12 years and older have antibodies to HSV-2. However, genital lesions can be caused by both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Worldwide, nearly 70% of the...
Updated: |
11/1/2022 |
Published: |
11/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Rajiv B. Gala, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Rajiv B. Gala, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
10/1/2015
|
Contraception in Women with Thromboembolism and Thrombophilia
Contraception options in patients with history of thromboembolism or thrombophilia remains challenging. Estrogen-containing medications significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women with a history of prior thromboembolism...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frances Casey, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Frances Casey, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
10/1/2015
|
Metabolic Syndrome
The metabolic syndrome encompasses a cluster of risk factors including central obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and raised fasting glucose. Together these factors increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
Updated
9/4/2024
Published
10/1/2015
|
Anal Incontinence
Anal incontinence, also termed “accidental bowel leakage”, includes the loss of flatus, with or without the loss of liquid and solid stool. The prevalence of ABL in large ambulatory populations...
Updated: |
9/4/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Catherine A. Matthews, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Catherine A. Matthews, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
10/1/2015
|
Evaluation of the Adnexal Mass in an Older Patient
The evaluation and management of an adnexal mass in an older patient is a common clinical challenge. Primary ovarian lesions include functional cysts, neoplasms and solid masses (benign, borderline, and...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Todd R. Griffin, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Todd R. Griffin, MD |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
9/2/2015
|
Management of Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
The overall prevalence of adnexal pathology in pregnancy is 1-6%, depending on the gestational age at presentation. The most common pathologic diagnoses include mature cystic teratomas, paraovarian cysts and corpus...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
9/2/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Patricia S. Huguelet, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Patricia S. Huguelet, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
9/1/2015
|
Management of Persistent and Recurrent Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a protozoan parasite and is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (STI), with 3-5 million cases annually, in the United States. Health disparities...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
9/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Christine R. Isaacs, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Christine R. Isaacs, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
9/1/2015
|
Management of Women on Hormonal Therapy or Contraception in Women Undergoing Surgery
Hormone therapy and use of combination hormonal contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Menopausal women taking oral estrogen plus progesterone therapy are twice as likely to...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
9/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Amanda Murchison, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Amanda Murchison, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
8/28/2015
|
Postmenopausal Vulvar Disorders
A decline in skin barrier function associated with aging and estrogen deficiency contributes to an increased susceptibility to various postmenopausal vulvar conditions. The most common symptoms are itching and burning....
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
8/28/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Elizabeth A. Ferries-Rowe, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Elizabeth A. Ferries-Rowe, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
8/1/2015
|
Non-proliferative Breast Masses in Young Women
The differential diagnosis of a breast mass in a young patient includes benign cyst, fibrocystic changes, fibroadenoma, breast abscess, galactocele, fat necrosis, and malignancy. Evaluation should include history, exam, and...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
8/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Ashley Wright, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Ashley Wright, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
7/1/2015
|
Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy
Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of neurologic dysfunction diagnosed in the first days of life of a neonate born at or beyond 35 weeks gestation. This syndrome is characterized...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
7/1/2015 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Moune Jabre, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Moune Jabre, MD |
Updated
5/8/2024
Published
1/1/2015
|
Management of a Patient who has Suffered Intimate Partner Violence
Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence (IPV), is threatening or controlling behavior inflicted on a person by another person in the context of an intimate relationship. Intimate partner violence...
Updated: |
5/8/2024 |
Published: |
1/1/2015 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Marygrace Elson, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
12/1/2014
|
Evaluation and Management of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS)
All women having vaginal delivery should be closely examined for vaginal and perineal injuries and those with perineal laceration should have rectal examination to determine the extent of their injury...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
12/1/2014 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Camaryn Chrisman-Robbins, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
11/1/2014
|
Evaluation of Dyspnea and Management of Pulmonary Embolism after Surgery
The differential diagnosis for dyspnea after gynecologic surgery includes atelectasis, pneumonia, and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Atelectasis, the most common cause, occurs in 15-20% of patients after abdominal surgery. ...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
11/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Sabrina N. Wyatt, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Sabrina N. Wyatt, MD |
Updated
9/6/2022
Published
10/1/2014
|
Management of Grade 1 Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
Surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for endometrial carcinoma except for select premenopausal patients desiring fertility and patients with significant medical comorbidities. In patients with known grade 1 adenocarcinoma,...
Updated: |
9/6/2022 |
Published: |
10/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Anitra D. Beasley, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
8/1/2014
|
Evaluation of Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding
Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as any staining, spotting, or bleeding that occurs more than 12 months after a woman’s last menstrual period. PMB most commonly results from vaginal or...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
8/1/2014 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
A. Savage, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
A. Savage, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
7/1/2014
|
Management of Wound Complications of Cesarean Delivery
Preoperative measures that reduce wound infection include weight-based prophylactic antibiotics given within one hour before the incision, the addition of azithromycin when indicated, hair removal with clippers rather than shaving,...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
7/1/2014 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
William D. Po, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
William D. Po, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
5/1/2014
|
Management of Dehiscence of the Vaginal Cuff
Vaginal cuff dehiscence, a rare complication of hysterectomy, is the full or partial separation of the edges of the vaginal cuff. Evisceration is dehiscence with prolapse of abdominal contents....
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Aaron Goldberg, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Aaron Goldberg, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
4/1/2014
|
Fertility-Sparing Fibroid Treatments
Although the presence of fibroids does not usually impair fertility or affect an ongoing pregnancy, some patients with fibroids may face several pregnancy-related risks. Fibroid location plays an important role...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
4/1/2014 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Daniel Breitkopf, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Daniel Breitkopf, MD |
Updated
1/4/2022
Published
2/1/2014
|
Perforation with Uterine Sound and Suction Cannula during a D&C
Uterine perforation is one of the more common complications of cervical dilation and uterine curettage. The incidence is 0.3% in premenopausal, nonpregnant patients, and increases in pregnant or recently...
Updated: |
1/4/2022 |
Published: |
2/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
1/1/2014
|
Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy
Cervical ectopic pregnancy is the rare implantation of a pregnancy in the endocervical canal and accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Patients usually present with vaginal bleeding,...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2014 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Paula Amato, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Paula Amato, MD |
Updated
11/2/2021
Published
11/1/2013
|
Proximal Tubal Occlusion
Proximal tubal occlusion is a common finding on hysterosalpingogram, occurring in up to 15% of studies. The occlusion is seen at the utero-tubal junction, where radiographic contrast fails to enter...
Updated: |
11/2/2021 |
Published: |
11/1/2013 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Daniel R. Grow, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Daniel R. Grow, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
5/1/2013
|
Management of Broad Ligament Extension and Hematoma during a Cesarean Delivery
The broad ligaments consist of anterior and posterior leaflets of peritoneum which cover the lateral uterine corpus and upper cervix and extend from the lateral walls of the uterus to...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2013 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Paul J. Wendel, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Paul J. Wendel, MD |
Updated
9/5/2023
Published
4/1/2013
|
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE) is an uncommon, catastrophic obstetric emergency. The frequency of AFE is 2-7 cases per 100,000 births with a mortality rate as high as 60%. It is...
Updated: |
9/5/2023 |
Published: |
4/1/2013 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Mari-Paule Thiet, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Mari-Paule Thiet, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
3/1/2013
|
Management of Bilateral Tubo-Ovarian Abscesses
The prevalence of TOA is 2.3%. When TOA is diagnosed, then 46% can be bilateral. Bilateral TOAs are associated with past PID events, higher risk for surgical treatment,...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2013 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
May Blanchard, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
May Blanchard, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
2/1/2013
|
Management of a Lost Pedicle At the Time of a Vaginal Hysterectomy
Clinically significant bleeding occurs in 1-2% of vaginal hysterectomies; subclinical hematomas, identified by sonography, may be seen in up to 15% of cases. Risk factors include an enlarged uterus, lack...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
2/1/2013 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Eugene C. Toy, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
1/1/2013
|
Management of Atypical Glandular Cells
Though atypical glandular cells (AGC) are uncommon, occurring in approximately 3 per 1000 specimens, the associated risk of invasive malignancy is as high as 2-5%. All patients with...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2013 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Andrew W. Menzin, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Andrew W. Menzin, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
12/1/2012
|
Hematoma after Delivery
Puerperal hematomas occur in 1:300 to 1:1,500 deliveries and may pose life-threatening morbidity. A puerperal hematoma is an accumulation of blood in a pelvic avascular potential space. Injury...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
12/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Theodore Barrett, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Theodore Barrett, MD |
Updated
7/18/2023
Published
10/1/2012
|
Management of Breakdown of Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Repairs
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) include 3rd and 4th degree lacerations. Risk factors include forceps or vacuum delivery, midline episiotomy, first vaginal delivery, higher infant birth weight (> 3500gms), vertex...
Updated: |
7/18/2023 |
Published: |
10/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Rebecca G. Rogers, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Rebecca G. Rogers, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
9/1/2012
|
Complications of Varicella Infection in the Third Trimester
Varicella, a herpes virus, is highly contagious and associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity during pregnancy. Clinical features of maternal infection include a prodrome of fever, headache, and malaise,...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
9/1/2012 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Deborah A. Driscoll, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Deborah A. Driscoll, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
7/1/2012
|
Management of Lateral Uterine Perforation at the Time of Hysteroscopy
Lateral uterine perforation at the time hysteroscopy is a rare, but potentially dangerous complication. The overall rate of hysteroscopic complications is low and diagnostic procedures have a lower rate than...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
7/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Jeffrey M. Rothenberg, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Jeffrey M. Rothenberg, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
6/1/2012
|
Management of Ureteral Injuries
Ureteral injuries are relatively uncommon and may be more common with gynecologic than other types of abdominopelvic surgery. The incidence of ureteral injury ranges from < 0.1% to over 1%...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
6/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
4/1/2012
|
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactin is a protein mainly synthesized and secreted by the lactotroph cells in the pituitary gland. Hyperprolactinemia is defined by a high level of serum prolactin above the standard limit...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
4/1/2012 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Paula J. Hillard, MD |
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Office Practice |
Paula J. Hillard, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
2/1/2012
|
Avoiding Trocar Injuries Associated with Laparoscopic Surgery
Up to half of major intraoperative complications associated with laparoscopy, including major vascular injury, occur at the time of surgical entry. Half of all bowel injuries occur during entry, with...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
2/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
David E. Soper, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
David E. Soper, MD |
Updated
1/3/2023
Published
1/1/2012
|
Surgical Management of Endometriosis
Endometriosis may be strongly suspected based on clinical presentation however laparoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In patients with pain that is not improved with medical management, surgery affords...
Updated: |
1/3/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2012 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
12/1/2011
|
Singleton Breech Presentation
Approximately 3-4% of pregnancies at term are breech presentations. All pregnancies should undergo assessment of presentation beginning at 36 weeks, and confirmatory ultrasound should occur for all suspected breech presentations....
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
12/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Amy Burkett, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Amy Burkett, MD |
Updated
11/5/2024
Published
10/1/2011
|
Antepartum Management of Vasa Previa
Vasa previa occurs when fetal blood vessels that are unprotected by the umbilical cord or placenta run through the amniotic membranes and traverse the cervical os. Two types of...
Updated: |
11/5/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
L. Chesney Thompson, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
L. Chesney Thompson, MD |
Updated
5/2/2023
Published
9/1/2011
|
Management of Pregnancy with ABO Incompatibility
ABO incompatibility is the most common maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility and the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) with an occurrence of 0.5-1% of newborns. ABO...
Updated: |
5/2/2023 |
Published: |
9/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
7/1/2011
|
Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Diagnosed Antenatally
The degree of invasion of the myometrium by the chorionic villi defines placenta accreta (adherent to the myometrium), increta (invading the myometrium) and percreta (perforating through the myometrium). A...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
7/1/2011 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Roger Smith, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Roger Smith, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
5/1/2011
|
Hypothyroidism
ETIOLOGY Hypothyroidism is much more common in women than men. It occurs in up to 5% of women, with approximately 0.3-0.5% being overt and 0.7% subclinical. Hypothyroidism is more...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2011 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
3/1/2011
|
Primary Amenorrhea in a Teenager
Primary amenorrhea (PA) is defined absence of menarche by 15 years old. Secondary amenorrhea is defined as the cessation of regular menses for 3 months or the cessation of irregular...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
3/1/2011 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Priya B. Maseelall, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Priya B. Maseelall, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
2/1/2011
|
Management of Urethral Diverticula
Urethral diverticula usually originate from the middle or distal portion of the posterior aspect of the urethra. The majority of urethral diverticula are thought to arise from recurrent infections in...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
2/1/2011 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
Updated
9/6/2022
Published
9/1/2010
|
Management of Adnexal Cysts
Adnexal cysts may be identified based on gynecologic symptoms or may be incidentally noted during pelvic exam or imaging for other indications. Further actions depend on imaging characteristics and symptoms....
Updated: |
9/6/2022 |
Published: |
9/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Vivian E. von Gruenigen, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Vivian E. von Gruenigen, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
6/1/2010
|
Elevated Maternal Serum AFP (MSAFP) During the Second Trimester
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is produced by the fetal yolk sac and liver. Levels rise during the second trimester. Values are expressed as MoMs (multiples of the median) for each specific week...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
6/1/2010 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
5/1/2010
|
Management of Paget Disease of the Vulva
Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD) of the vulva is a rare intra-epithelial adenocarcinoma representing 1-2% of all vulvar cancers. Overall, EMPD accounts for approximately 7% of all Paget disease, with...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Philip J. DiSaia, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
4/1/2010
|
Anemia in Pregnancy
The two most common causes of anemia in pregnancy and the puerperium are iron deficiency and acute blood loss. Pregnancy results in a physiologic anemia due to expanded plasma volume....
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
4/1/2010 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael T. Mennuti, MD |
Updated
7/9/2024
Published
1/1/2010
|
Management of a Thyroid Nodule
The prevalence of thyroid nodules varies with the level of iodine sufficiency. Because iodine deficiency is relatively rare in the United States, only about 5% of US women will have...
Updated: |
7/9/2024 |
Published: |
1/1/2010 |
Category: |
Office Practice |
Author: |
Nanette F. Santoro, MD |
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|
Office Practice |
Nanette F. Santoro, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
12/1/2009
|
Postoperative Urinary Fistulae
Although it has been estimated that the risk of injury to the urinary tract is 0.3% during pelvic surgery, particularly hysterectomy, many of these injuries are occult. When routine cystoscopy...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
12/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Larry J. Copeland, MD |
Updated
5/7/2024
Published
10/1/2009
|
Postpartum Perineal Pain
The diagnosis and management of postpartum perineal pain depends on history and physical examination. Because pain is rarely an isolated symptom, additional symptoms by history may also include bleeding,...
Updated: |
5/7/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Frank W. Ling, MD |
Updated
3/5/2024
Published
9/1/2009
|
Complications of Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery
Complications of gynecologic laparoscopy occur in 3 to 6 per 1000 cases. Approximately one-third to one-half of complications occur during initial access. Evidence is insufficient to support the use...
Updated: |
3/5/2024 |
Published: |
9/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
1/2/2024
Published
5/1/2009
|
Adnexal Masses in Adolescents
The prevalence of adnexal masses in adolescents is unknown. Of those adnexal masses requiring surgical intervention in specialty care centers, 7-25% are malignant in pediatric and adolescent ages combined,...
Updated: |
1/2/2024 |
Published: |
5/1/2009 |
Category: |
Gynecology |
Author: |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
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|
Gynecology |
Robert S. Schenken, MD |
Updated
5/1/2019
Published
3/1/2009
|
Fetal Ventral Abdominal Wall Defects
Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common fetal ventral abdominal wall defects. Omphalocele is a midline ventral abdominal wall defect through which abdominal contents herniate. The defect generally...
Updated: |
5/1/2019 |
Published: |
3/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
Updated
3/7/2023
Published
1/1/2009
|
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NHF) is the presence of excessive fluid in two or more fetal compartments (for example, skin edema, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites), in the absence of...
Updated: |
3/7/2023 |
Published: |
1/1/2009 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Ralph K. Tamura, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
10/1/2008
|
Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracelluar protozoan parasite which is the causitive agent of the infection Toxoplasmosis. Transmission occurs via fecal-oral exposure of uncooked meat, contaminated soil or water, contaminated fruits...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2008 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
Updated
9/3/2024
Published
10/1/2008
|
Parvovirus in Pregnancy
Parvovirus B19 is a single stranded DNA virus which causes erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease. Clinical manifestations include flu-like signs and symptoms, low-grade fever, malaise, arthralgia, and a...
Updated: |
9/3/2024 |
Published: |
10/1/2008 |
Category: |
Obstetrics |
Author: |
Michael L. Socol, MD |
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|
Obstetrics |
Michael L. Socol, MD |